Composition for laying road-dust and hardening road-beds.



No Drawing.

CABLE-TON ELLIS, 0F LARCHMONT, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 ELLIS-FOSTERCOMPANY,

A CORPORATIGN OF NEW JERSEY.

1 COMPOSITION roe LAYING ROAD-DUST AND HARDENING ROAD-BEDS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed April 25, 1909Patented Dec. 21, 1909; Serial No. 429,227.

[0 all whom it may concern:

Be 'it known that I, CARLE'roN ELLIS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Larchmont, in the county of Westchester andState ofNew'York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inComposition for Laying Road-Dust and Hardening Road-Beds, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to emulsions of oils with aqueous solutions ofdeliquescent ma terial which are socombined as to be of a substantiallyneutral character, that is to say, having no deleterious action onmetal, wood, leather, varnish, etc., and relates particularly to anemulsion of mineral oil with an aqueous solution of a deliqu'escentchlorid of an alkaline earth, all as more fully hereinafter set forthand claimed.

Most of the emulsions used in the'laying of road dust are composed ofoils with soapy material; the latter hasalways an alkaline reaction dueeither to the presence of free alkali or to alkali set free byhydrolysis. Onaccount of this alkaline reaction many materials used inthe manufacture of vehiclesare more or less affected when suchemulsionscome in contact therewith. Var- Ordinary oil does nish is particularlyprone to injury through contact With alkaline materials. The use ofoil'by itself is furthermore objectionable in that it afiects the rubbertires extensively used on vehicles, causing the rubber to soften anddeteriorate. It furthermore forms an oily dust which settles indwellings, and makes the articles with which this dust contacts take ona greasy smeary appearance. not penetrate properly into the road surfaceexcept in very dry weather. If the road is damp the oil reiains on thesurface and a great deal of it finds its way to the gutter.

The presentinvention has for its object the production of a penetratingoily cmulsion which maybe readily applied, diluted with water to aconsiderable extent, and which does not have the objectionable properties above mentioned.

It is also the object of this invention to provide a composition whichhas a cementing and hardening action upon the road surface and theearth, or sub-soil, for some distance below the surface.

With oil alone there is often times formed a very disagreeable mud infrosty Weather,

and there is also a tendency to the formation of a surface scum or gummymaterial which flakes off under the abrasive action of travelingvehicles, such as automobiles. The peculiar penetrative properties ofthe present invention overcome this difficulty and do away with thetroublesome crusting heretofore experienced. It also in a large measureovercomes the action of oils upon the hoofs of horses, preventingdisease of the hoof and frog, to which horses are now subject whentraveling for a considerable period over roads impregnated with ordinaryroad oils.

In compounding my improved composition, I take preferably mineral oils,such as 70 crude oils, asphaltic oils, or the more refined products,such as paraffin oils, neutral oils, or the various oils obtainedfromcoal or wood, tar, or even the tarry matter obtained in theseoperations, as well as residuum from the distillation of oils, alsovarious residues or foots obtained in the refining of animal orvegetable oils. As a deliquescent compound I employ preferably thechloride of calcium or magnesium, or miX- tures of these salts, and ovenmay use crude common salt, or the residues obtained in the manufacturethereof, which have more or less deliquescent action. These salts areput into solution in water to make a concentrated liquor. In order toemulsify such aqueous solutions with the oils above mentioned, and atthe same time produce a substantially neutral compound, I make use of aproteid emulsifier, non-precipitable by the salt employed. Many proteidcompounds, such as, casein or glue, are precipitated by concentratedsolutions of inorganic salts. I have found that certain proteid bodiesare, however, not so precipitated, and among these I .95 find especiallysuitable ordinary seamoss, or Irish moss, containing the bodycarraghenin. Irish moss may be dissolved in water to make a thick syrupor jell and calcium chlorid or magnesium chlorid added almostto thesaturation point without precipitation of the proteid or loss ofviscosity 01' emulsifying' properties] A suitable composition may bemade in this manner, by dissolving by heat 250 pounds of Irish moss in1000 gallons of water, sea water being used if desired, add ing thereto3000 pounds of calcium chlorid of 75% strength, and emulsifying thismixture with l000 gallons of petroleum oil.

preferablyat a temperature of 60 or 7 0., v much greater ease. Theemulsion 'may be although the emulsion may be made in the applied in aconcentrated form by sprincold if desired. In making the emulsion,kling, or otherwise, or may be diluted with 65- I may agitate in asuitable mixing device, or water and sprayed over road beds by meansemulsifier, or may place the materials in aof an ordinary watering cart.For this suitable receptacle and pump the liquor purpose two orthreebarrels of emulsion may from the'bottom by means of a force pump bemixed with five to fifteen barrels of back into the top of thereceptacle forcing it .water. WVatering carts if,desired may be 70through a discharge nozzle, so that it may" used containing an agitatingdevice, al- 10 impinge upon the surface of the liquor in though this isnot necessary if the emulsion the receptacle under considerablepressure. and water in the cart are well mixed before By operating inthis manner, a Very comuse. v I y plete emulsification may be obtainedin a By the use of oils having antiseptic 75 short time, so thorough, infact, that the properties, the combination with magnesium emulsion maybe mixed with a large volume or calcium chlorid gives rise to a veryuseful of water and the particles remain suspended antiseptic materialwhich destroys germs of r for a long period. of time, graduallycollectdangerous diseases, etc, and prevents the ing at the surface ofthe solution in the form transmission of disease. 30 of a thin creamwithout the formation of Owing-to the peculiar fixative qualities of v2o -oily drops O1ther emulsifying agents, the present composition itdoesno'tlthrow ivhichhowever are not as satisfactory, I find off an oilydust in the manner which ordiin the. starches; these do not precipitateas nary road oils have'been' observed to do. 1 85 completely in thepresence of. salts as do What I claim is: casein -.and similar proteidbodies. The 1. A composition for laying road dust and v emulsion formedwith starch is howevernot hardening road beds, comprisingan emulaspermanent or complete as in the case of sion of oiland calciumchlorid,-said comthe Irish moss compositions. position having a neutralreaction and con- It' has heretofore been impossible to taining aproteid emulsifier. i 90- emulsify calcium solutions and oils in con- 2.A composition for laying road dust'and junction with soaps or alkalinematerials hardening road beds, comprising an emul because of theincompatibility of calcium sion of petroleum oil, and a deliquescent',chlorid and soap or alkali, consequently the salt in aqueous solution,all incorporated by soap and oil emulsions heretofore produced means ofa proteidemulsifier. 95 have been lacking in one important feature, 3. Acomposition for layingroad dust and that is, the aqueous material of theemulsions hardening road; beds, comprising mineral represented merelywaste matter-adding to oil, a chlorid of an alkaline earth ofa delithebulk without accomplishing useful requescent character, Irish moss andwater.

' sults. In the present" invention the water 4. Acomposition for-layingroad dust and 100- ofthe composition is made the carrier for hardeningroad'bed's, consisting of mineral 40 the deliquescent calcium' ormagnesium salt, oil, calcium chlorid, Irish moss and water.

so that; when the latter is spread uponthe Z- 5. A composition forlaying road dust and soil it may absorb moisture from the air andhardening road. beds, comprlsing an emul- 4 .keep'the road in a moistcondition, and at sion copsisting of about equal parts of oil 105 thesame time the oil being intimatelymixedand a concentrated solution ofcalcium in an emulsified condition with the calcium chlorid thickenedwith Irish moss, said com- I chlorid prevents the latter from Washingposition being in the form of an emulsion.

away rapidly, as is the case where calcium I 6. A composition for layingroad dust and or magnesium chlorids alone, are used. This hardeningroad'beds, prepared from calcium 110 gives opportunity forthedeliquescentchlochlorid, Irish moss, water and heavypetrorids to actupon the earths soil,cementing the leum oil. particles together andforming together with 'j 7 A composition for laying road dust and theoil, .WhlCl'l undergoes often times acer -f hardening road bedsconsisting of 250 tain degree of oxidatiom'a firm-hard r'oa "pounds ofIrish moss, 1000 gallons of petro- 11,5

bed which is free from'dust'andno; easil leumoil, 1000 gallons of waterand 3000 abraded by rapidly moving vehic V The l pounds of calciumchlorid of 75%.

' composition has no action on varnish, eta'ls, In testimony'whereof Ihave afiixed my leagher or fcloltih, owing 'toitsh complete neusignature in presence of two witnesses. tra ityfl I t e wet soil istrown uprbyi carriage wheel against clothing it doe'sf noig' 3 ICARL-ETQN adhere to the same-degree that ordinary" Witnesses: p

oils or emulsions have been observed to do, NATHANIEL L. FOSTER, and maybe Washed out of the clothing with HENRIETTA BERKVVITZ.

